Was for millennia part of the land roamed by the Yakama Tribe and the other As of the 2010 census, Toppenish had a population of 8,949.

It has two other museums, the American Hop Museum and the Northern Pacific Railway Museum, and 75 outdoor murals depicting scenes from the area's history as part of the Toppenish Mural Society project. History is an especially vivid presence in Toppenish. The Yakama Tribe has a large presence in and around Toppenish, with the Yakama Nation Museum and Cultural Heritage Center and the Yakama Nation Legends Casino. By the 1990s, Toppenish was a majority Hispanic city. Hispanic farm workers helped bring in the harvests and later began to arrive as residents. Toppenish was soon shipping out freight cars full of hops, fruit, potatoes, and livestock. By 1910, it had mushroomed to 1,598, as farmers and ranchers leased or bought the irrigated farmland around it.

In 1907, the town had grown to a few hundred residents and was incorporated. The town began to grow in 1905 when some of the key allotments were divided into lots and sold. A Northern Pacific Railway depot was built on the site in 1884 and the station was named Toppenish, from a Yakama word describing the land: 'Sloping downward and spreading.' Five families of Indian blood claimed allotments near the depot in 1887. For centuries, the site was roamed by the Yakama Indians and other Plateau Tribes and was included in the Yakama Reservation, established in 1855. It sits amid orchards and fields about two miles from the south bank of Yakima River. The city of Toppenish is an agricultural center in the fertile Yakima Valley and the largest city on the Yakama Indian Reservation.

Yakima dry casino